主要的挑戰在於保證如何使正在進行的計劃與所服務的社區有所關連。在研擬一個有效的職業服務計劃時，您要參考以下四個步驟：

A primary challenge is to ensure that the projects being undertaken have real relevance to the communities being served. When developing an effective Vocational Service project, consider the following four steps:

1. 評估社區真正的需要，利用所有可以拿到的資訊。

最有效的職業服務工作應該把焦點放在務必使得那些計劃受益人直接參與確定需求以及訂定這些需求的優先次序。藉由與社區合作，而非為社區越俎代庖，比較有可能對社區產生長遠的改變，並在社區生根。

1. Assess the real needs of the community, utilizing all the information resources available.

The most effective Vocational Service efforts focus on ensuring that those who benefit from any program be directly engaged in identifying needs and in setting priorities. By working with the community instead of for the community, longterm change has a better chance of taking hold.

2. 設計並執行能有效解決社區問題的計劃。 

無論您的職業服務目標為何，認識某些關鍵因素將有助於使計劃發展發揮更大的效果。

一個規劃周延的職業服務計劃應：

• 回應真正的需求，而非假想的需求。

• 有非常明確的目標及宗旨。

• 建立在共同決定的時間架構上，包括開始及結束日期。

• 將計劃受益人納入規劃程序。

• 在貴社的支持結束之後能自給自足。

• 達成可衡量的結果。

• 儘量運用所有可能獲得的資源，並充分發揮其潛力，達成永久性的效果。

• 設立一個明確的聯絡人。

2. Design and carry out projects that effectively address the identified needs.

Whatever your Vocational Service goals, some key factors will help to make any project more effective.

A well-planned Vocational Service project:

• Responds to a genuine need, not an imagined one.

• Can be defined in very specific goals and objectives.

• Is built around an agreed-upon time frame, including starting and completion dates.

• Includes in the planning process people who will benefit from the project.

• Will be self-supporting after your club’s support ends.

• Achieves measurable results.

• Draws on as many resources as possible to reach full potential for good.

• Includes an identified contact person.

3. 利用扶輪資源來執行這些計劃，包括扶輪社及地區的人才和專家，以及國際扶輪的許多資源。

3. Utilize Rotary resources in carrying out these projects, including club and district talent and expertise, and the many resources available through RI.

4. 動員社區來支持計劃的目標並儘可能參與計劃的執行。

社區居民越踴躍參與支持扶輪社員們所執行的計劃，計劃就越有可能達成真正的、正面的改變。大部分社區都有對於支持社區改革有興趣的各種商業及服務團體。扶輪社可以扮演觸媒的角色來發動各種團體一起合作。

4. Mobilize the community to support the goals of the projects and participate in their implementation wherever possible.

The more involved the members of the community are in supporting the projects that Rotarians undertake, the more likely the projects will result in real, positive change. Most communities have a wide variety of businesses and service groups that have an interest in supporting community improvements. Rotary clubs can act as a catalyst to mobilize various groups to work together.

庫存盤點

Taking Inventory

在年度開始時，最好能檢視社區目前有的資源，以便協助您訂定優先次序。同樣重要的是，在設定實際目標之前，您必須對於貴社以前做過的職業服務計劃的種類有明確的瞭解，以及目前有什麼樣的計劃機會。

At the beginning of the year it is a good idea to review the existing resources in the community to help you establish priorities. It is also important to have a firm grasp of the kinds of Vocational Service projects your club has previously undertaken, as well as the other kinds of project opportunities available, before you can set realistic goals.

1. 貴社以前做過什麼樣的計劃？

2. 貴社有沒有服務夥伴，例如扶輪少年服務團、扶輪青年服務團、或扶輪社區服務團？

3. 哪些社員在職業問題方面學有專精？

4. 社區還有哪些團體從事職業發展（商業及事業公會、學校、非營利組織、公立機構、訓練中心）？

5. 社區的迫切需求（失業問題、青少年職業認識、退休者的機會、個人事業發展、職業技能）有哪些？

1.   What kinds of projects has the club previously done?

2.   Does your club have Partners-in-Service, such as Interact clubs, Rotaract clubs, or Rotary Community Corps?

3.   Which club members have expertise in vocational issues?

4.   What other groups in your community are involved in vocational development (trade and business associations, schools, not-for-profit organizations, public institutions, training centers)?

5.   What are the pressing needs in the community (unemployment, youth career awareness, opportunities for retirees, career development, vocational skills)?

目標設定

Goal-Setting

對於目前的職業服務資源和需求有了相當清楚概念之後，您就可以開始考慮設定目標的問題。職業服務可以用許多方式來進行，包括個人活動、扶輪社宣導，或社區計劃。腦力激盪法可以協助您獲得各種意見。

With a fair idea of the existing Vocational Service resources and needs, you are ready to think about setting goals. Vocational Service can be approached in many ways, including individual activities, club awareness, or community projects. Brainstorming can help you come up with a variety of ideas.

在討論目標時，要注意的是目標應該有效。有效的目標必須是：

• 可衡量的

• 可達成的

• 有挑戰性的

• 分享的

When discussing goals, it is important that the goal be effective. An effective goal is:

• Measurable

• Achievable

• Challenging

• Shared

「可衡量的」的意思是目標應該用量化的語言來陳述。例如，「告訴青少年們他們的職業前途有什麼樣的機會」就比較沒有效，「舉行一個有100個學生參加的職業日」反而比較有效。可衡量的目標可以在年度結束時做客觀的評估。

Measurable means that the goal should be stated in quantifiable terms.

For example, “Inform young people about career opportunities” is less effective than “Hold a career day for 100 students.” A measurable goal can be objectively evaluated at the end of the year.

「可達成的」的意思是您的目標應切合實際，並以您所有的或在為您的地區目標所訂定的時間架構之內，您可以預料可取得的資料或資源作為根據。

Achievable means that your goals should be realistic, based on the materials and resources you have or can expect to have, within the time frame established for your district’s goals.

「有挑戰性的」的意思是達成您的目標需要您及社區民眾的願景、規畫、團隊合作、努力，以及後續追蹤。

Challenging means that achieving your goal will require vision, planning, teamwork, effort, and follow-through by you and the committee members.

「分享的」的意思是將來要達成目標的人應該有機會參與擬定計劃每一項目標的某些細節。特別是，您或許應邀請社內的職業服務主委參與設定目標。地區想要達成什麼樣的職業服務目標呢？

Shared means that those who will be implementing the goals should have a voice in developing some of the specific details for each goal. In particular, you might like to include club Vocational Service chairpersons in the goal-setting process. What Vocational Service goals would the district like to accomplish?

請記住，目標設定之中不可缺的一項是決定目標何時或是否已經達成。您將在評估計劃時做出此一決定。

Remember that an integral component of goal-setting is determining when — or whether — the goals have been reached. You will make that determination when you evaluate the project.

行動計劃

Plan of Action

檢視過現有資源及需求並訂定有效的目標之後，您就可以開始擬定行動計劃。您要花一些時間來列明確的步驟，以達成目標。藉由將目標分成可管理的單位，您可以更容易決定由誰來負責每一個步驟、需要哪些資源，以及該分配多少時間。請將您的目標及每一項目標的行動步驟列出來。

After reviewing existing resources and needs and establishing effective goals, you are ready to develop a plan of action. Take some time to outline the specific steps involved in meeting your goals. By breaking your goals down into manageable components you can more easily determine who will be responsible for each step, what resources will be required, and how much time to allot. List your goals and the action steps for each goal.

有效的行動需要激勵motivation、承諾commitment以及後續追蹤follow-through。扶輪社員們都是義工，有些人受到的激勵特別大，有些則較小。激勵人心的方法有︰

• 提出願景來說明這項計劃將對於社區有何正面影響。

• 告訴人們他們在計劃中所扮演的角色的意義。

• 表彰其成就。

• 賦予責任。

• 建立有效的團隊。

Effective action requires motivation, commitment and follow-through. Rotarians are volunteers — some exceptionally motivated, others less so.

Some ways to motivate people include:

• Providing a vision of how the project will positively impact the community.

• Showing people the significance of their role in the project.

• Recognizing accomplishments.

• Giving people responsibility.

• Building effective teams.

承諾是開始行動的關鍵Commitment is the key to getting action。一旦人們自願奉獻他們的時間與精力給一項計劃，您應該繼續鼓勵他們，以使計畫能圓滿成功。激起的承諾方法如下︰

• 定義職業服務計劃的任務內容。

• 邀請參與設定共同的目標。

• 確定讓參與者知道為何而奮鬥。

• 將自我和工作結合在一起，授權給參與者。

• 對於成效卓著的工作給予明確且盛大的嘉勉。

Commitment is the key to getting action. Once people have volunteered their time and effort to a project, you want to continue encouraging them so that the project can be brought to a successful conclusion. Some ways to build commitment are:

• Defining the mission of your Vocational Service project.

• Inviting participation in setting common goals.

• Ensuring that people know why they are doing what they do.

• Entwining egos with the work — give people ownership.

• Being specific and abundant in praising successful efforts.

若要達成期望結果，後續追蹤Follow-through工作是不可或缺的一項。後續追蹤的方法如下︰

• 用電話連絡社員。

• 寄出提醒信函。

• 要求義工對於計劃或工作項目做定期評估。

Follow-through is essential for obtaining desired results. It is a way to maintain and build momentum. Some examples of ways to follow through might include:

• Contacting club members by phone.

• Sending reminder notes.

• Asking for periodic evaluations of the project or task from volunteers.

有效的委員會之關鍵

Keys to Effective Committees

1. 在每一次委員會會議之前事先將議程告知各委員。

2. 親自連絡將在會議上做報告的委員。

3. 使會議簡短，針對要點討論。

4. 避免不必要的文書工作。

5. 讓所有委員都有機會表達他們的意見。

6. 將工作分配紀錄下來，並做追蹤。

7. 立刻找人遞補退出的委員。

8. 鼓勵每位委員，並在達成工作時給予恭賀。

1.   Inform committee members of the agenda in advance of every committee meeting.

2.   Personally contact those members who are to report at the meeting.

3.   Keep meetings short and to the point.

4.   Avoid unnecessary paper work.

5.   Give all members a chance to voice their opinions.

6.   Keep track of assignments and follow-up.

7.   Promptly replace members who must withdraw.

8.   Encourage members and congratulate them upon completion of tasks.

宣傳

Publicity

對外散播職業服務計劃及其成功故事的消息，是激勵及激發承諾所不可或缺的一環。這也是一種表彰傑出扶輪社員及職業服務計劃的很好方式。當扶輪社員們及社區其他民眾看見扶輪職業服務工作的成果時，扶輪的形象就增進一分。您或許可以和現在的公共關係主委合作，或指派一名委員負責這件工作。

Spreading the word about Vocational Service plans and successes is essential in motivating and creating commitment. It is also a good way to recognize outstanding Rotarians and Vocational Service projects. As both Rotarians and other community members see the value of Rotary’s Vocational Service efforts, Rotary’s image is enhanced. You may wish to work with an existing Public Relations chair or appoint a committee member for that task.

撰寫新聞稿的小訣竅：

1. 問您自己：這項計劃有哪一方面非比尋常、很重要、或值得讓大家知道？

2. 在第一段回答何人、何事、何處、何時，以及為何。

3. 儘量簡短；將最重要的事實放在最前面。

4. 保留所有新聞稿的影本。

Tips for writing a news release:

1.   Ask yourself: What aspect of the project is unusual, important, or worth knowing about?

2.   Answer who, what, where, when, and why in the first paragraph.

3.   Make it brief and simple; put the most important facts first.

4.   Keep extra copies of all releases.

下一頁有新聞稿範例。關於如何為您的計劃做宣傳方面的細節，請參考「有效的公共關係：扶輪社指南（257-EN）」。

A sample news release appears on the following page. For more information on publicizing your project, consult Effective Public Relations:

A Guide for Rotary Clubs (257-EN).

計劃評估

Project Evaluation

您應該將計劃各項目標牢記在心，因為在某一時點您必須評估哪些做得好，哪些沒有做好。這就是為什麼目標必須是可以衡量的。例如，您可以用「不，我們沒有教會10個人閱讀，但是我們教會了8個」這句話來評估識字計劃。同時也應考慮以下問題：

• 您設定的目標有沒有達成？

• 您的目標有沒有中途變卦？

• 遇到了哪些未預料的障礙，您如何克服這些障礙？

• 最成功之處何在？什麼因素使然？

• 庫存與計劃開始時有沒有變化，例如有無新的興趣、問題、能提供資源的人及組織？

You should keep the goals of the project in mind because at some point you will need to review what was successful and what was not. This is why the goals should be measurable. For example, you could evaluate the effectiveness of a literacy project by saying, “No, we did not teach 10 people to read, but we did teach eight.” Also consider questions such as:

• Were the goals you established reached?

• Did your goals change in midstream?

• What unanticipated obstacles arose and what did you do to cope with them?

• What was the greatest success? What made it a success?

• Are there changes to the inventory you did at the beginning — new interests, issues, resource people and organizations?

展示職業服務工作成果的構想

Ideas for showcasing your Vocational Service efforts

讓其他社友知道

n 發行職業服務通訊或在社刊發表一篇文章

n 在例會分享計劃經驗及成功的故事

n 在地區年會參加計劃展覽

n 向國際扶輪提出報告，以供列入國際扶輪出版品及資源之參考

Spread the word to fellow Rotarians

n   Vocational Service newsletter or an article in the club newsletter

n   Share plans and successes at club meetings

n   Projects exhibition at your district conference

n   Report to RI for possible printing in RI publications and resources

讓社會大眾知道

n 用新聞稿

n 用海報

n 到學校及社區團體做簡報

Spread the word to the public

n   News release

n   Posters

n   Presentations at schools and community groups